Jilin Medical Journal 2014 Issue 3 Propofol and fentanyl in the fiber endoscopy anesthesia maintenance phase of the anesthetic effect

Propofol and fentanyl in the fiber endoscopy anesthesia maintenance phase of the anesthetic effect
LAI Gui-Yong;Nong Guang;Li Shui-Zhong;Guangxi guigang city people’s hospital affiliated to medical university anaesthesia;

..............page:451-453

The observation on the curative effect of pitocin combined with misoprostol in prevent treatment of 60 postpartum hemorrhage patients
ZHUANG Chao;HUANG Yu-wei;WU Lii;The Second Hospital of Nongken;Zhanjiang;

..............page:453-454

Analysis of clinical effect of living reparation of lactobacillus combined with metronidazole suppositories in treatment of 42 cases of senile vaginitis
DENG Gui-fang;Enshi Central Hospital of Hubei Province health examination center of Department of gynaecology;

..............page:454-455

Comparison of immunization effect of different hepatitis B vaccine
SUN Li-fang;GUO Li-xia;Xi’an ring group worker’s Hospital Security;

..............page:456

Curative effect observation of Rebitong Tablet and capsule centipede in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
HUANG Sai-hua;ZHENG Bao-lin;YANG Tong-guang;Department of rheumatism;Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine Foshan City;

..............page:457-458

The effect of β-cell function andAdiponectin、Visfatin in the Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
HU Yu-gang;CHEN Gen-ben;Chaozhou Hospital of Chaozhou city in Guangdong two families;Guangdong Chaoan port um Chaozhou Huaqiao hospital two families;

..............page:458-460

Clinical effect observation of ligustrazine hydrochloride treatment in 42 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema
LI Jing-hong;Department of internal medicine;Nanchang City;Jiangxi provincial Chest Hospital;

..............page:460-461

zhu dong mai ban gai hua yu guan zhuang dong mai shou lei cheng du guan xi de tan tao
zheng mei na ; zhao kai jun ; guo li li ; gao tong yu ; zheng yao ; li zuo yao ;

..............page:461-462

yi xue lun wen de ji ben yao qiu

..............page:462

zhong xi yi jie he zhi liao ru xian ai shu hou huan zhe de lin chuang liao xiao guan cha
tian bo ; zhao li zhi ;

..............page:463

wei chuang chuan ci shu zhi liao da liang zi fa xing nao chu xue de lin chuang liao xiao guan cha
yang zhi yong ; wen zhong hua ;

..............page:464-465

fu qiang jing shou shu yu kai fu zi gong ji liu ti chu shu de lin chuang liao xiao fen xi
chen wei ;

..............page:465-466

wu chuang tong qi he you chuang tong qi zai man xing zu sai xing fei ji bing huan zhe he bing hu xi shuai jie zhong de zhi liao xiao guo guan cha
zhou jie ; fan ke ; guo xiao yan ;

..............page:466-467

ren shen qi gao xue ya ji bing chan fu po gong chan lin chuang zhi liao
deng jian chun ;

..............page:467-468

lian xu xing shen zang ti dai zhi liao wei zhong zheng huan zhe liao xiao guan cha
xin kuan qiang ; huang zi bo ; li guan qing ; luo yu huan ;

..............page:469

gu dai xie sheng hua zhi biao sui nian ling de bian hua ji qi lin chuang yi yi
he xiu jun ; chang yi ;

..............page:470

quan ping jing mai ma zui he xi ru ma zui dui lao nian fu bu shou shu huan zhe de ying xiang fen xi
li hong lin ;

..............page:471

zhong xi yi jie he zhi liao 86 li nao geng si huan zhe de lin chuang liao xiao guan cha
qiang feng ;

..............page:472

15 li fu za xing zuo gu ping tai gu zhe de shou shu zhi liao ti hui
bo bo ;

..............page:473

chao zao qi qu da gu ban jian ya shu zhi liao da mian ji nao geng si de xiao guo fen xi
li chuan yong ; liu hai dong ;

..............page:474

bchao zhen duan gan ying hua de lin chuang guan cha
shi hai qun ;

..............page:475

jing qi jing mai di zhu a qi mei su zhi liao man xing fu jian yan lin chuang yan jiu
mao hong ling ;

..............page:476-477

niao du zheng huan zhe xue ye tou xi qian hou yang hua ying ji ji mian yi zhuang tai de bian hua fen xi
sun dian bo ; liu bi jian ;

..............page:477-478

ren shen tang niao bing dui ji bing ji mu ying jie ju de ying xiang fen xi
zeng ya chang ; li mu jun ; chen yue ;

..............page:478-479

xin zang kang fu yun dong dui guan mai zhi jia zhi ru shu hou huan zhe xiang guan yin su de ying xiang
wang gui mei ; xu li ping ; lu ji de ; shi xiao yan ; zhou zuo ; zuo pei ying ;

..............page:480-481

nong du zheng huan zhe xue qing jiang gai su yuan yu xin ji ji gai dan bai shui ping de xiang guan xing yan jiu
peng zheng liang ; lu zuo ; tan wei hua ; qing guo zhong ;

..............page:481-482

gao yang ye fu zhu zhi liao shu zhong lao nian huan zhe di yang xue zheng de lin chuang guan cha
yi hong ; chen xia ; liang liu fang ; tang cui ming ; lian min ; chen hai zuo ;

..............page:482-483

zhong xing ji wei zhong xing shou zu kou bing zao qi yu jing ji jian ce xiang mu de lin chuang fen xi
chen li ; peng wan jun ; huang miao xia ; luo qing ming ; zhao qing ;

..............page:484

fu qiang jing xia quan zi gong qie chu shu yu po fu quan zi gong qie chu shu liang zhong shu shi de lin chuang dui bi fen xi
dai ze guo ; huang ya rong ; cai mei qing ; zheng sai mei ; yu guo fang ;

..............page:485

bu tong ma zui fang fa zai fu qiang jing zi gong qie chu shu huan zhe zhong de ying yong xiao guo
li xian xing ;

..............page:486

yin dao jing zai gong jing bing shai cha zhong de ying yong
xie zhi qiu ;

..............page:487

shu niao guan jing shou shu zhi liao niao dao xia zhai de lin chuang jia zhi he zhi liao fen xi
rong yang sheng ; ning qiao lin ;

..............page:488

nap mei ji fen zai hu xi dao gan ran huan zhe de zhen duan yi yi
wu rong hua ;

..............page:489

40 li li yong wu chuang hu xi ji de jian xie zheng ya hu xi liao fa jin xing hu xi shuai jie jiu zhi de lin chuang guan cha
xu ji ;

..............page:490

fu qiang jing shou shu yu kai fu shou shu zhi liao zhi chang ai de xiao guo ping jia
luo guang gao ;

..............page:491

dan zhi yu ji xing gan bing zhi liao zhong xian zuo dan an suan de ying yong xiao guo fen xi
wang ju fang ;

..............page:492

wan qi wei ai gu xi xing quan wei qie chu de lin chuang fen xi
wang jin ;

..............page:493

ji xing hu xi jiong po zong he zheng 44 li lin chuang zhi liao ti hui
yuan peng ;

..............page:494

64 li lao nian ren de xue tang xue zhi jian ce jie guo fen xi
zhang min ;

..............page:495

gan dan ji bing ban 2 xing tang niao bing ji zhen huan zhe wei xian yin su fen xi
ye jun zhong ;

..............page:496

gu shui ni zhui ti cheng xing zai ji zhu zhuan yi liu zhi liao zhong de ying yong jia zhi
liu jing ;

..............page:497

nei ce ru lu xing you ban jie chang qie chu shu zhi liao jie chang ai de lin chuang xiao guo guan cha
yin qing hua ;

..............page:498

hu xi nei ke tan ye biao ben zhong de bing yuan jun te xing yu kang jun yao wu de shi yong
chen chun jie ; chen chun xiu ; huang zhuang zhi ;

..............page:499

zuo gu yuan duan jie po xing suo ding gang ban lian he kong xin luo ding zhi liao san zuo gu zhe de lin chuang liao xiao
chen gao feng ; chen fu lin ; cong yuan gao ;

..............page:500

bu tong cheng du man xing zu sai xing fei ji bing huan zhe nt-probnp lin chuang jian yan yi yi yu ph zhi paco₂ xiang guan xing fen xi
jin shun xi ;

..............page:501

zhen jiu lian he zao qi ying yong a xi luo wei zhi liao mian shen jing yan liao xiao guan cha
yue xia ; gao yan ;

..............page:502

fei jie he huan zhe xue qing zhong zhong liu huai si yin zi (tnf- ) shou su zhi lian su shui ping yan jiu
zhang yang fan ;

..............page:503

you mei tuo zuo zuo yu sheng li yan shui jing mai tui zhu zai fu zhu quan shen ma zui zhong de bu tong xiao guo
gao xiang ; chen biao ; wu li na ;

..............page:504

Clinical effect observation of ketotifen combined with montelukast in the treatment of 59 cases with chronic asthmatic bronchitis
ZENG Tao;Department of Sichuan Province in Deyang city district southeast Community Health Service Center Department of Internal Medicine;

..............page:505-506

fu he liang a tuo fa ta ting zai bu wen ding xing xin jiao tong fei xue yun zhong jian huan zhe zhong liao xiao ji an quan xing chu bu guan cha
zhang wei ; liu feng qin ; cheng da wei ; lu ti guo ; wang li li ;

..............page:506-507

fu xi di suan ru gao lian he wei a suan ru gao zhi liao xun chang zuo chuang liao xiao guan cha
jiang hong xing ;

..............page:508

yi xin shu lian he zuo zuo qiang xin jiao nang zhi liao guan xin bing xin li shuai jie de lin chuang xiao guo
li wei ;

..............page:509

lei gong teng zuo zhi shen bing zong he zheng 50 li lin chuang fen xi
liu shu sheng ; he jiao ling ;

..............page:510

104 li man xing pen qiang yan yun yong zhong xi yi jie he zhi liao de xiao guo fen xi
su ju lan ;

..............page:511

you rui ke lin zhi liao ji xing nao geng si de liao xiao fen xi
wang xin ;

..............page:512

da ke ning shuan zhi liao mei jun xing yin dao yan de lin chuang guan cha
gu deng mei ;

..............page:513

rui fen tai ni fu he bing bo fen zai wu tong ren gong liu chan shu zhong ma zui xiao guo de tan tao
ju heng ;

..............page:514

xin xing kang dan jian neng yao wu tuo te luo ding zhi liao bang zuo guo du huo dong zheng de yan jiu
ma qi sheng ;

..............page:515

98 li a qi mei su zhi liao shang hu xi dao gan ran de lin chuang xiao guo fen xi
zuo zhen biao ;

..............page:516

rui fen tai ni zai xiao er fu qiang jing zuo qi shou shu zhong de ying yong
zhang hai xia ; xu xiao jun ; yan yun ;

..............page:517

sheng mai he bing mai luo ning zhu she ye zhi liao guan xin bing xin li shuai jie liao xiao fen xi
yu ye ming ;

..............page:518

chang gui zhi liao jia yong lao suan suo jun huo jun pian dui ying you er qiu ji fu xie de lin chuang jia zhi
liu dong hua ;

..............page:519

bing liu zuo zuo zhi liao nao nang chong bing xing zuo zuo 30 li lin chuang fen xi
zhao mei wei ; lei yun long ;

..............page:520

ao mei la zuo lian he fa mo ti ding zhi liao fan liu xing shi guan yan lin chuang fen xi
zong li xiang ;

..............page:521

ao mei la zuo dui gao xue ya nao chu xue bing fa shang xiao hua dao chu xue de yu fang xiao guo fen xi
huang yao xuan ;

..............page:522

pu mi ke ling shu zhi liao xiao er zhi yuan ti fei yan de bu liang fan ying fen xi
wang hai fei ;

..............page:523

ao xiao zuo zhu she ye zhi liao fu ke yan yang jun gan ran de lin chuang xiao guo
wang cui hua ;

..............page:524

mi dan ping zhi liao ban yi yu de xin xue guan shen jing zheng de lin chuang liao xiao
chen heng ;

..............page:525

chang tuo ning yu lv lin ding fu zhu zhi liao you ji lin nong yao zhong du de liao xiao dui bi fen xi
lu xin ;

..............page:526

xue sai tong he ni mo di ping zhu she ye zhi liao nao geng si de cheng ben xiao guo fen xi
zhou yan yi ;

..............page:527

ao qu zuo zhi liao yi xing gan yan gan ying hua bing fa shang xiao hua dao chu xue de lin chuang liao xiao
li liang xiao ; yang ya juan ; li jing ; zhu lin ; wang chao yang ;

..............page:528

rui shu fa ta ting dui lei feng shi guan jie yan liao xiao guan cha
liu yan jie ;

..............page:529-530

meng lu si te na lian he sha mei te luo / fu ti ka song zhi liao ke su bian yi xing xiao chuan de liao xiao guan cha
chen kuan tang ;

..............page:530

bu di nai de wu hua xi ru zhi liao xiao er fei yan de lin chuang guan cha fen xi
meng chun yan ; li lei ;

..............page:531

chu zhen duan 2 xing tang niao bing duan qi yi dao su qiang hua zhi liao liao xiao fen xi
nie yu ;

..............page:532

ke lin mei su lin suan zuo zhi liao hu xi xi tong gan ran lin chuang liao xiao guan cha
qi xue ;

..............page:533

na luo tong lian he xing nao jing zhi liao nao xue guan bing yi shi zhang ai de lin chuang fen xi
tian yuan ;

..............page:534

pai li ao ju bu ying yong zhi liao xia zuo zhi chi guan zhou yan liao xiao guan cha
zhao guo ting ; li wei ;

..............page:535

pa luo xi ting he bing xiao ji liang zuo liu ping zhi liao yi yu zheng de lin chuang guan cha
chen qing zuo ; xu ai qun ; tan ya yi ;

..............page:536

dan lin suan a tang xian zuo zhu she zhi liao xiao er zuo zhen xing yan xia yan de liao xiao fen xi
cui feng ;

..............page:537

zuo yang fu sha xing lian he ti xiao zuo zai man xing pen qiang yan zhong de liao xiao yan jiu
he xiao dan ;

..............page:538

lai an pu xin ma zuo ai si mi da lian he zhi liao ji xing fu xie de liao xiao guan cha
huang xiao ming ;

..............page:539

a tuo fa ta ting lian he yi zhe mai bu zhi liao zao fa guan xin bing ji xing xin ji geng si liao xiao fen xi
qiao hong gang ;

..............page:540

dui la yang tou zuo zai lin chuang zhi liao chang dao gan ran zhong de liao xiao fen xi ji an quan xing ping jia
yang rong jing ;

..............page:541

gan li xin zhi liao man xing zhong xing gan yan lin chuang xiao guo fen xi
zhao wen xiu ;

..............page:542

xiao ji liang niao ji mei lian he yi da la feng zhi liao feng shi xing xin zang bing bing fa xue shuan 120 li
zhang ying liang ;

..............page:543-544

5- fu niao zuo zuo wai yong zhi liao xun chang zuo de liao xiao guan cha
zhong yin xiang ;

..............page:544

lan wei qie chu shu hou zhong xi yi jie he zhi liao lin chuang guan cha
ling shui lian ;

..............page:545-546

ju bu ma zui xia fu mo qian xiu bu shu zhi liao cheng ren qi zuo 28 li fen xi
chen min ; zhou dong ;

..............page:546-547

ji xing zhong zheng bing du xing xin ji yan de lin chuang fen xi
liu zuo ping ;

..............page:548

shou shu zhi liao lao nian ren dan nang yan dan jie shi de liao xiao fen xi
hu jun jie ;

..............page:549

tai er shen jing guan fa yu ji xing de chao sheng zhen duan fen xi
jiang jiang fan ;

..............page:550

ying yong zong he zhi liao fang an zhi liao tu fa xing er long de lin chuang liao xiao guan cha
lin ren jia ;

..............page:551

tan tao cai se duo pu le chao sheng jian bie jia zhuang xian jie jie liang e xing jia zhi
su mei ;

..............page:552

jie chang ai luo xuan ct jian cha de ying yong jia zhi
weng zi jing ; xing dong zuo ;

..............page:553

niao ye gan hua xue fen xi yi niao chen zha fen xi yi ji xian wei jing jian ce niao ye zhong hong xi bao de dui bi yan jiu
zhang cai hua ; wang kai rong ;

..............page:554-555

ju da zong ge zhong liu de wai ke zhi liao
zhang jin min ; zhang song lin ; hu xu ; wu zhen jie ; wu zheng guo ;

..............page:555-556

bi nei jing xia liang xian jian zhang bi zhong ge cheng xing shu zhi liao bi zhong ge pian qu de liao xiao fen xi
xiong wu ; zhang song ; zhou jun ; pan song ; yu kun fei ; tang jia hui ;

..............page:556-557

dian zi yin dao jing jian cha dui gong jing ji bing de zhen duan jia zhi
zou chun mei ;

..............page:558-559

ji ceng zhen jun xing jiao mo kui yang de zong he zhi liao tan tao
zhu mao hua ;

..............page:559-560

lian ying ma xia fu qiang jing dan nang qie chu shu de ti hui
zhang zuo zuo ; bian jian min ;

..............page:560-561

80 li ji xing shen gong neng shuai jie lin chuang zhi liao fen xi
li wan ming ;

..............page:562-563

qing yang hua gai zai 197 li ru ya ya sui bing zhong de ying yong liao xiao ping jia
zheng jie hua ; xie yi rui ; huang chu hui ; chen xiao zhu ;

..............page:563

kuai su po huai zuo guan jie gu guan jie bing de zhen duan yu zhi liao
zheng xiao chun ; liang hui ; xie guo ping ;

..............page:564

cheng ren fu gu gou zuo wu zhang li xiu bu yu chuan tong shou shu de dui zhao yan jiu
chen you zhi ; wu jia hu ;

..............page:565

xin xue guan men zhen zhen shi nei zeng she xin dian tu jian cha dui zao qi fa xian xin ji geng si de lin chuang yi yi
niu xiao tang ; dong yun ; zhang xue yi ;

..............page:566

zuo gu ping tai gu zhe shou shu zhi liao 16 li
zheng chao jun ; zhao zhen ya ; qiao xue ling ;

..............page:567

wei chang zhong liu wai ke shou shu de liao xiao fen xi
xue feng ;

..............page:568

wei chuang mai xian fa zhi liao er tong zhao feng er 13 li ti hui
yang rong hua ; shen gan ; song hui ;

..............page:569

jia qiang yuan qian ji jiu guan li yu ti gao yuan qian ji jiu zhi liang de xiang guan xing
zhang ping ;

..............page:570

wei shi er zhi chang kui yang chu xue wei qie chu shu hou da chu xue de wai ke zhi liao fen xi
ju hong kai ;

..............page:571

po gong chan shu hou zai ci ren shen 84 li fen mian fang shi fen xi
xu yan ;

..............page:572

fu qiang jing dan dao shou shu zai you shang fu bu shou shu shi huan zhe zhong de ying yong jia zhi fen xi
yang song ;

..............page:573

huan xing feng zha jia wei di zhe die shu yu fang wan qi xue xi chong huan zhe shu hou zai chu xue 75 li
zheng shao long ; xiao xiu lan ; xu chun mei ;

..............page:574

ji xing hua nong xing fu mo yan huan zhe shou shu zhi liao de lin chuang liao xiao guan cha
wang hai dong ;

..............page:575

2xing tang niao bing bing fa gu zhi shu song lin chuang te dian tan tao
chen ling ;

..............page:576

30 li fu xie huan er de bing yin yu zhi liao fang fa fen xi
hu wen jun ;

..............page:577

xin sheng er zhi xi fu su ji bing fa zheng de fang zhi
zhang xiao li ;

..............page:578

ru xian ai x xian biao xian ji bing li ji chu lin chuang fen xi
zhou yong song ;

..............page:579

wei shou shu qi zong he xue ye bao hu zai wu xue shou shu zhong de ying yong
yang ling ;

..............page:580

duo fa xing gu zhe 32 li zhi liao ti hui
zeng chao yu ; li jin run ; xiao sheng jie ; wang hong sun ; ang yang ; luo xiao dong ;

..............page:581

yuan fa xing jia zhuang pang xian gong neng kang jin zheng shou shu zhi liao fen xi
liu jing ; liu jun feng ;

..............page:582

cai se duo pu le chao sheng dui ru xian e xing zhong liu de jian bie zhen duan jia zhi fen xi
wan lei ;

..............page:583

nei jing xia zuo mo qie chu shu zhi liao xiao hua dao xi rou bing bian de lin chuang yan jiu
an xiao liang ;

..............page:584

yi shi er zhi chang qie chu shu hou jin qi bing fa zheng de yu fang yu zhi liao
guan xin lin ;

..............page:585

bi nei jing bi zuo shou shu zhi liao mei jun xing bi zuo yan
wei feng zuo ; huang jin zhu ; li dong dong ;

..............page:586

zhan lian xing chang geng zu de shou shu fang zhi
deng shao kang ;

..............page:587

xiao qie kou qie chu shu zhi liao lan wei yan 50 li fen xi
li zhi qiang ;

..............page:588

52 li shou shu zhi liao zuo guan jie gu zhe de liao xiao guan cha
wang shao hong ;

..............page:589

zhui guan nei ma zui yu quan shen ma zui zai gao ling huan zhe lin chuang ying yong zhong de xiao guo
wu li na ; gao xiang ; chen biao ;

..............page:590

qian lie xian nei zhu she lian he wei bo zhi liao man xing xi jun xing qian lie xian yan 172 li fen xi
wu zhi nan ;

..............page:591

lin chuang yong yao dui sheng hua jian yan jie guo de ying xiang yan jiu
dai zong cheng ;

..............page:592-593

zhui guan nei ma zui zai lao nian huan zhe shou shu zhong ying yong de xian zhuang yu xin jin zhan
tan xuan jun ; tu shi feng ; chen xian ; zhen chang huan ;

..............page:593-594

bian ying xing bi yan yu xi bao yin zi mian yi yan jiu zong shu tan tao
zhang xing zuo ; zhang zuo hua ; huang chun long ;

..............page:594-595

zhi qi guan xiao chuan zhi liao jin zhan
liu xue guan ;

..............page:596-597

xiao hua xing kui yang de bing li sheng li xue ji zhi liao yan jiu jin zhan
tan jian rong ;

..............page:597-598

The observation and nursing of wound healing after tibial fracture operation with He-Ne laser adjunctive therapy
WU Xi-di;YANG Yu-qun;HUANG Yong-zhen;Guangxi is a region of the Department of orthopedics of Guigang People’s Hospital;

..............page:599-600

Comprehensive Care Program for patients after PPH Surgery
ZHANG Hong;Department of general surgery;Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University;

..............page:600-602

Airway full-time nurse’s role in prevention of pulmonary infection in severe craniocerebral injury
ZHANG Jin-li;QIU Ke-ke;XIAO Ying;92 hospital ICU of the people’s Liberation Army Fujian Nanping in Fujian province;

..............page:602-604

The effect of extended care on clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with glaucoma
HE Jie-lan;LIANG Cai-hong;ZHAO Yu-lan;Eent Hospital of Guangdong Province;Jiangmen City;

..............page:604-605

Herbal fumigation joint TDPradiation therapy clinical observation of rheumatoid arthritis pain
ZHOU Xiao-hong;Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province Shaoguan city ICU;

..............page:606-607

yi xue lun wen qian yan de he li zu zhi

..............page:607

Curative effect observation of burn wounds Ⅱ° using layered dressing methods
ZHENG Hua;NIU Qiong;TIAN Hui-ping;Guangdong Province emergency department of Shenzhen No.2 People’s Hospital;

..............page:608-609

Clinical nursing experience in patients of severe acute pancreatitis with respiratory distress syndrome
LIU Fang;Department of nursing in Nandan County of Hechi city Guangxi traditional Chinese Medicine;

..............page:609-610

ren xing hua hu li zai shou shu shi hu li zhong de ying yong xiao guo
wang yu ge ;

..............page:610-611

jing shen ji bing huan zhe de zong he hu li xiao guo
guo jing ru ; fang jian li ; zhang yan na ;

..............page:612

you zhi hu li dui wei ai huan zhe wei shu qi bu liang qing xu de ying xiang yan jiu
guo rui ;

..............page:613

ren shen gao xue ya zong he zheng chan fu lin chuang hu li gan yu de xiao guo fen xi
li xiao hui ; li qiu xia ;

..............page:614

shen jing nei ke chang jian hu li an quan yin huan ji fang fan cuo shi tan tao
wu xiao ming ; xie qin ;